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In the pits

In my ongoing interest in orchestra pits and the music technology contained in them, I’ve found a few interesting reads:

On Broadway: Playing ‘in the pit’ for musicals

This article is aimed at musicians who don’t really know how the whole orchestra pit thing works. It’s a nice overview for others with some interesting details such as:

  • The AFM contract stipulated a 2008 pit player base wage to be around $1592 USD a week, plus 12.5% for the first double, and 6.25% for each additional double.
  • There are a few muso case studies, including 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee drummer Glenn Rhian who was told that he just had to play “the same number of measures” in certain passages of the Spelling Bee score.
  • The Tony Awards used to have a Best Conductor and Musical Director category until 1964.

Spotlight on: Randy Cohen, Broadway Keyboardist / Programmer / Music Director

This article, published by the company who makes Receptor, a hardware platform for software synths, touches on some of the configurations that Randy Cohen has come up with for various shows including High Fidelity, High School Musical (tour) and In The Heights. Specifically the article indicates a preference for Ivory and Native Instrument’s Elektrik Piano and B4II, driven by a Yamaha S90 or Motif. That site also includes the most ridiculous collection of social media buttons at the bottom of the page.

Starobin talks about Sunday, Assassins

Finally, Michael Starobin offers a bit of history on his career and talks more conceptually than technically on the process of orchestration, and why he doesn’t like using Finale or a digital piano while orchestrating. Starobin has worked with some pretty big names (I would argue he’s a big name in his own right), and his articles are always interesting.

Please send stuff of this nature my way if you come across any. I tend to absorb article after article and never find it boring. I’ll continue to share my finds here if anyone’s interested.

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Samplers in the Amateur Orchestra Pit

Whenever I’ve musically directed a show, or even just played in the band I’ve always tried out technology as a means to improve the quality of the music the band is producing. Amateur theatre has more than it’s share of compromises, not least in the orchestra pit, so any way I can find of getting a better outcome is worth it. Plus I like playing with the gadgets and software.

I’ve tried a few different setups over a number of shows running on my various Mac laptops over the time (starting with an iBook G4 – I can’t even remember what I ran on that thing, followed by a MacBook and now MacBook Pro). I’ve used Native Instrument’s Kontakt 2 a number of times with various software libraries. I believe I played You’re A Good Man, Charlie Brown and Tick, tick… BOOM! on this setup. For Charlie Brown, I (rather non-ideally) covered the reeds on keyboard while conducting. I recall the flute patch I was using was very successful, but the clarinet and sax less so (in that order). Still, it meant I wasn’t leaving anything out of the already compact arrangement. For piano we just used the on-board sound of a Yamaha Clavinova, a sound I’ve never been particularly fond of. Tick, tick… BOOM! was easier as I was relying mostly on piano – Native Instrument’s Akoustik in this case – as well as some rock organ and a piano+bells combo. Driven by the same Yamaha Clavinova, I was able to program the piano+EP with pulsing delay exactly how I wanted it for “Real Life”1. This worked well, and the sound of the Akoustik was greatly appreciated, particularly for the all the exposed and solo piano parts that call for a bit more realism than the “rock piano” sound on the cast album.

On a note of technical functionality, I always tend to use the “voice select” buttons on given keyboard, such as the Clavinova to send Program Change messages to the sampler to select the correct patch. I’m more practiced in this method than using a foot pedal, and it’s also dark in the pit and your view is naturally obstructed. Interestingly, the Clav throws some wild Program Change numbers, not just 1,2,3,4 etc across the panel as you’d expect, and as my Roland did. This made programming and running the patches at home rather difficult. To avoid having to reprogram the sampler at the theatre, or maintain two versions, I wrote a script in PureData (also known as PD) which grabbed the midi input, took out the program change messages and depending on a toggle I could easily switch, it would map them to the program numbers that Kontakt was expecting. PD would then output the MIDI back to Kontakt. It worked perfectly and didn’t really introduce any latency issues at all. I believe I also wrote one which converted the program change messages into channel changes.

I played the Keys 1 book for a production of Blood Brothers using Apple’s Main Stage (version 1). Again, it’s a piano heavy show but called for some rhodes, rock organ, bell combos and all those ghostly (or rather, ghastly) synth pads. I was determined to avoid the tacky sound of the Blood Brothers cast recordings, so went for more acoustic, earthy sounding pads (and combinations of two pads in some cases, or a pad and an EP). I stayed well clear of anything that sounded FM-generated. The piano was an interesting one for this show; I tried many different patches and ended up with Garage Band’s default piano patch. It was bright enough (overly bright) to cut through the mix when needed. It sounded awkward by itself, but with the rest of the band it seemed completely appropriate. At times I’d doubt myself thinking “Surely not, there must be something a bit more ‘real’”, but I ended up playing all performances with it. Main Stage itself is a chunky beast. It looks perfect for what I want it to do, but it’s very heavy and I did have some stability issues (overall it was fine).

The only other setup of note was when I used Logic because I had drum tracks for 70% of the songs that I wanted to punch in. The show was Nuncrackers and I had neither room on the stage for a drummer, nor a physical person who was particularly interested so I sequenced all of the more necessary drum parts. I played them on a keyboard to improve the ‘human’ feel, and copied and pasted to reduce the work. It’s not a musically complex show, and most of the songs run straight through without any vamps allowing me to start the click track (the 4 musos were on headphones). Logic is not built for this sort of stuff, so when I did have vamps, I had a few keys I would hit on my laptop to turn on and off loops. It was extremely stressful as I sometimes only had a single bar to activate a repeat or the drum part would have carried on without us, but it worked 95% of the time. As an added bonus, this setup mitigated any sound control issues that would have been extremely problematic with a live kit on stage.

Overall, these weren’t particularly demanding synth shows, mostly relying on acoustic piano, EPs and bells. I’d love to find a great brass ensemble patch that I could incorporate in the same way, because I’ve heard some great ones in shows I’ve seen but have never been able to replicate it. Also, in the future I’d like to give Main Stage 2 a whirl and see how it handles playing a live show, perhaps one with more demanding requirements.

1: The director told me she saw another amateur production where the pianist, on an acoustic piano, mimicking the delay by playing each repetition.

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Why I Prefer LaChiusa’s Wild Party

I’ve been a fervent supporter of Michael John LaChiusa’s The Wild Party ever since I saw the cast perform a vivid and vicious snippet at the 2000 Tony Awards, however at auditions it’s always Lippa’s version that I hear and accompany while singer’s tend to ignore the trickier LaChiusa work.

For those who don’t know, the year 2000 saw the release of two musicals based on the same source material, Joseph Moncure March’s poem first published in 1928, telling the story of Queenie and her lover Burrs who decide to hold a party filled with life, unique characters and gin. The poem was banned for being too racy, but obviously drew the attention of both Michael John LaChiusa and Andrew Lippa. LaChiusa’s production was mounted on Broadway with Toni Collette, Mandy Patinkin and Eartha Kitt while Lippa’s sat off-Broadway with Julia Murney, Brian D’Arcy James and Idina Menzel.

Both shows have merit but from the cast recordings and what I’ve read, I’ll always listen to LaChiusa’s Wild Party over Lippa’s. Here’s why.

  • LaChiusa gets the tone right. It has always disturbed me that in a piece set in the 1920s, Lippa’s Wild Party features pop ballads and Frank Wildhorn-esque wailing electric guitars. I have no problem with sound not matching era – take Spring Awakening for instance – particularly to create contrast, but Lippa’s seems to sit in an uneasy halfway between “tried to be authentic” and “completely disregarding the sound of the era”, which comes off more like forgetfulness than craft. Instead, LaChiusa’s score sounds like vaudeville when it should (“Marie Tricky”), and perversely romantic when (“Tabu”) when he wants to cool things off but not let you forget that this is all Not Quite Right.
  • LaChiusa makes it hard. I’m always drawn to things that are so imperceivably complex or skilfully crafted that I wonder how someone’s mind makes it to that destination at all. He uses difficult rhythms to portray the chaos and dissonance to paint the party like a . After all, isn’t it a wild party? It’s not just the singer’s who are worked hard; that orchestra earns their pay packet by the end of the night. Flamboyant clarinet credenzas are the norm and LaChiusa’s writing is never typical broadway.
  • LaChiusa focuses on the relationships. It’s more interesting to hear three minutes of a conversation (particularly when things are spicy between those people) than three minutes of someone telling us a how they feel. Take “Best Friend”, a catfight between Queenie and Kate. During the song (filled with plenty of fun rhymes), we learn about Kate, Queenie and their Bosom Buddies relationship. Lippa uses “Look At Me Now”, a big belt for Idina Menzel, but we learn nothing from it other than Kate wishes to portray herself as a “I’ve been down, but now look at me” kind of girl, which is not exactly an interesting sentiment. At the end of LaChiusa’s character introductions, I feel like I have a much more intimate understanding of their personalities and, if you’ll excuse the use of the phrase, what makes them ‘tick’.
  • Bruce Coughlin’s orchestrations are supreme. Bruce is one of Broadway’s most talented orchestrators along with the likes of Ted Sperling and Michael Starobin. He’s a magician with a pit orchestra who can craft superb tone colours that make me wonder “How is he doing that?”, just as I do when I listen to Ravel or Stravinsky. I’d love to know what is written in the score for the brass players in “Marie Is Tricky” to get them to sound like that. A few years ago I read an article Bruce wrote on his website about his dissatisfaction with the recording quality of the scores he’s orchestrated. His particular gripe with The Wild Party was the fact that the strings were mixed too quietly. I’d love to hear what it sounds like in his head, because it’s magnificent from this side.
  • There’s a bit of patriotism at play too. Toni Collette is shockingly good on the recording (and youTube). This was before we all knew she was excellent courtesy of The United States of Tara. In the early-2000s I passed up an opportunity to see Toni Collette perform with her band at the local pub, something I’ll always feel a quiver of regard about. The rest of the cast is great too and I can’t imagine Mandy Patinkin offered anything less than an intense and truly terrifying performance.

I appreciate singer’s tend to like belty stuff, particularly if they are better vocalists than actors, but in my opinion LaChiusa’s score has a greater potential to captivate an audience, even when presented out of context.

One Response to “Why I Prefer LaChiusa’s Wild Party”

  1. J. Wilikers says:

    <3

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